1,552 research outputs found
Lack of correlation between constitutive and induced resistance to a herbivore in crucifer plants: real or flawed by experimental methods?
The correlation between constitutive and induced resistance to herbivores in plants has long been of interest to evolutionary biologists, and various approaches to determining levels of resistance have been used in this field of research. In this study, we examined the relationship between constitutive and induced resistance to the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), in 11 closely related species of wild crucifers. We assessed the survival, development, and reproduction of the test insects and calculated their intrinsic rate of increase as an indicator of constitutive and induced resistance for the plants. We used larvae of P. xylostella and jasmonic acid as elicitors of the induced response. We failed to find a correlation between constitutive and induced resistance in these crucifer plants when the induction of resistance was initiated by either herbivory or jasmonic acid application. Analysis of the results suggests that the failure to detect a relationship between the two types of resistance could be caused by flaws in measuring constitutive resistance, which was apparently confounded with induced resistance. We discuss the difficulties and pitfalls in measuring constitutive resistance and ways to improve the methodology in investigating the relationships between constitutive and induced resistance in plant
Possible S-wave Dibaryons in SU(3) Chiral Quark Model
In the framework of the SU(3) chiral quark model, the wave baryon-baryon
bound states are investigated. It is found that according to the symmetry
character of the system and the contributions from chiral fields, there are
three types of bound states. The states of the first type, such as
and are deeply bound
dibaryon with narrow widths. The second type states, ,,
and are also bound states, but with broad widths.
, , and are third type states. They, like {\em d}, are weakly bound
only if the chiral fields can provide attraction between baryons.Comment: Latex files, 1 figur
Deltaron Dibaryon Structure in Chiral SU(3) Quark Model
We discuss the structure of Deltaron dibaryon in the chiral SU(3) quark
model. The energy of Deltaron is obtained by considering the coupling of the
and (hidden color) channels. The effects of various
parameters on the Deltaron mass are also studied. It is shown that the mass of
Deltaron is lower than the mass of but higher than the mass of
.Comment: 15 pages, Late
Dynamic effects of electromagnetic wave on a damped two-level atom
We studied the dynamic effects of an electromagnetic(EM) wave with circular
polarization on a two-level damped atom. The results demonstrate interesting ac
Stark split of energy levels of damped atom. The split levels have different
energies and lifetimes, both of which depend on the interaction and the damping
rate of atom. When the frequency of the EM wave is tuned to satisfy the
resonance condition in the strong coupling limit, the transition probability
exhibits Rabi oscillation. Momentum transfer between atom and EM wave shows
similar properties as the transition probability under resonance condition. For
a damped atom interacting with EM field, there exists no longer stable state.
More importantly, if the angular frequency of the EM wave is tuned the same as
the atomic transition frequency and its amplitude is adjusted appropriately
according to the damping coefficients, we can prepare a particular 'Dressed
State' of the coupled system between atom and EM field and can keep the system
coherently in this 'Dressed state' for a very long time. This opens another way
to prepare coherent atomic states.Comment: latex, 2 figure
Magnetic shielding properties of GdBCO bulks with different crystal orientation
AbstractHigh-temperature bulk superconductors have significant potential for superconductivity applications. For this paper, the magnetic shielding properties of GdBCO bulk with different crystal orientations were investigated at different temperatures for the purpose of determining its application as field concentrators. Four discs with a diameter of 20mm and thickness of 5mm were cut from the GdBCO single domain. In two discs, the c-axis of crystal was parallel to the disc radius, and, in the others, the c-axis was perpendicular to it. The magnetic shielding effects in a couple of bulks with a gap of 2mm were measured in background fields up to 11 T. The magnetic fields were measured at the center and edge points between the two bulks at LN2, LHe, and temperatures controlled with a cryocooler. In LHe, the discs whose c-axes were parallel to the external magnetic fields maintained a zero field up to 11 T. Even in LN2, the field was shielded to 1 T. The results confirmed the strong magnetic shield effects of GdBCO bulk and can be used for the design of a field concentrator
Development Of A Cathode Designing Method To Avoid Electrodesβ Interference During Blisk Electrochemical Machining
Electrochemical machining plays a prominent role in blisk (bladed integrated disk) construction process. Since blisk channel is narrow and twisted, interference between electrodes may happen during electrochemical machining. Therefore, this paper develops a cathode designing method to avoid interference. Firstly, according to theory of electrochemical machining, machined channel is predicted by calculation. Second, with this channel, interference analysis is carried out and a cathode is designed. Finally, the cathode is employed in experiment and no interference appears
N-N Interactions in the Extended Chiral SU(3) Quark Model
The chiral SU(3) quark model is extended to include coupling between vector
chiral field and quarks. By using this model, the phase shifts of NN scattering
for different partial waves are studied. The results are very similar to those
of the chiral SU(3) quark model calculation, in which one gluon exchange (OGE)
plays dominate role in the short range part of the quark-quark interactions.
Only in the case, the one channel phase shifts of the extended chiral
SU(3) quark model are obviously improved.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure
SU(2)-in-SU(1,1) Nested Interferometer for Highly Sensitive, Loss-Tolerant Quantum Metrology
We present experimental and theoretical results on a new interferometer
topology that nests a SU(2) interferometer, e.g., a Mach-Zehnder or Michelson
interferometer, inside a SU(1,1) interferometer, i.e., a Mach-Zehnder
interferometer with parametric amplifiers in place of beam splitters. This
SU(2)-in-SU(1,1) nested interferometer (SISNI) simultaneously achieves high
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit
(SQL) and tolerance to photon losses external to the interferometer, e.g., in
detectors. We implement a SISNI using parametric amplification by four-wave
mixing (FWM) in Rb vapor and a laser-fed Mach-Zehnder SU(2) interferometer. We
observe path-length sensitivity with SNR 2.2 dB beyond the SQL at power levels
(and thus SNR) 2 orders of magnitude beyond those of previous loss-tolerant
interferometers. We find experimentally the optimal FWM gains and find
agreement with a minimal quantum noise model for the FWM process. The results
suggest ways to boost the in-practice sensitivity of high-power
interferometers, e.g., gravitational wave interferometers, and may enable
high-sensitivity, quantum-enhanced interferometry at wavelengths for which
efficient detectors are not available.Comment: 6 pages + 4 of supplemental material, 5 figure
Plasmid encoding matrix protein of vesicular stomatitis viruses as an antitumor agent inhibiting rat glioma growth in situ
Aim: Oncolytic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been proved previously. Aim of the study is to investigate glioma inhibition effect of Matrix (M) protein of VSV in situ. Materials and Methods: A recombinant plasmid encoding VSV M protein (PM) was genetically engineered, and then transfected into cultured C6 gliomas cells in vitro. C6 transfected with Liposome-encapsulated PM (LEPM) was implanted intracranially for tumorigenicity study. In treatment experiment, rats were sequentially established intracranial gliomas with wild-typed C6 cells, and accepted LEPM injection intravenously. Possible mechanism of M protein was studied by using Hoechst staining, PI-stained flow cytometric analysis, TUNEL staining and CD31 staining. Results: M protein can induce generous gliomas lysis in vitro. None of the rats implanted with LEPM-treated cells developed any significant tumors, whereas all rats in control group developed tumors. In treatment experiment, smaller tumor volume and prolonged survival time was found in the LEPM-treated group. Histological studies revealed that possible mechanism were apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis. Conclusion: VSV-M protein can inhibit gliomas growth in vitro and in situ, which indicates such a potential novel biotherapeutic strategy for glioma treatment.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π° (Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π°) Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° (ΠΠΠ‘) ΡΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΌΡ
in situ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ ΠΠΠ‘, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»Π°
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΌΡ Π‘6 in. ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΌΡ Π‘6, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ
Π² Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (ΠΠΠΠ), ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ
Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π‘6 (ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ) Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ. ΠΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅
Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ (ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π₯Π΅Ρ
ΡΡΡ),
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΉΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ), TUNEL Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ
ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½ΡΠΈ-CD31 ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π». 31 ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π». 31 ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π». Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΌΡ in. ΠΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ,
Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ. Π Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ, ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·.
ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΌΡ in ΠΈ in. ΠΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
- β¦